Support and Movement in Humans and Animals

Question 10:(a) Explain the property of muscles involved in human movement.(b) (i) Explain the measures that can be practised to maintain a healthy musculoskeletal system.(b)(ii) Describe the factors that may put an individual at a high risk of developing osteoporosis.(c) Describe how muscles work together with the ligament and tendon to move the forearm. Answer:(a) … Read more

Question 8:Figure 4 shows a human movement.Based on Figure 4, describe how muscles, bones, tendons, ligaments and joints enable the above movement to happen. Answer:• The big and long femur adds strength to support body weight.• Tendon connects muscles to bones.• Tendon is tough and inelastic.• Ligament supports joints for movement.• The hinge joint at … Read more

Question 5:Explain why muscle contractions require adequate blood supply. Answer:• Muscle contraction needs a lot of ATP energy produced during cellular respiration.• A large amount of blood is needed to transport and supply oxygen and glucose to the muscle cells.• At the same time, blood transports waste products such as carbon dioxide and lactic acid … Read more

Question 1:State the differences between cervical and thoracic vertebrae. Answer:The cervical vertebra possesses a short spinous process, a small centrum, wide transverse processes and a pair of transverse foramens. The thoracic vertebra has a long spinous process, short but bigger and thicker centrum. The transverse processes are longer but no transverse foramen is present. Question … Read more

Question 1:Suggest two ways to care for the musculoskeletal system. Answer:Practice a balanced diet intake and correct body posture. Question 2:As a doctor, explain ways to help scoliosis patients go through normal daily life. Answer:• In the case of a minor scoliosis, doctors will carry out routine observation until the maturity level of the bone … Read more

Question 1:In your opinion, why do birds have hollow bones? Answer:Hollow bones are light which facilitates flying. Question 2:Explain how the forearm is moved upwards. Answer:When biceps contracts, the tendon transmits a pulling force produced by the contracting muscles to the arm. At the same time, triceps relaxes. As a result, the elbow bends and … Read more

Question 1:Name the bones that form the axial skeleton of the human body. Answer:The skull, vertebral column, rib cage and sternum. Question 2:State the function of cartilage and synovial fluid in the joint. Answer:The cartilage acts as cushion to joints, absorbs shock and reduces friction between the ends of bones. Synovial fluid acts as a … Read more

Question 1:Why do organisms need to maintain their body shapes? Answer:Body shape is important for movement and support, and enables organs in the body to function properly. Question 2:State two functions of the skeletal system to humans. Answer:• To protect the internal organs in vertebrates (for example, the skull protects the human brain)• To produce … Read more