Question 1:
An accident victim with blood group B needs an immediate blood transfusion. Is it safe for the patient to receive blood from individuals with the blood group O? Explain why.
Answer:
Yes. Individuals with blood group O do not have antigen A or B on their red blood cells. They can donate blood to individuals with blood group B because no agglutination will occur.
An accident victim with blood group B needs an immediate blood transfusion. Is it safe for the patient to receive blood from individuals with the blood group O? Explain why.
Answer:
Yes. Individuals with blood group O do not have antigen A or B on their red blood cells. They can donate blood to individuals with blood group B because no agglutination will occur.
Question 2:
An individual has a low number of erythrocytes. Explain the effect of this situation on his/her health. Suggest the types of food that should be consumed by the individual to recover from this situation.
Answer:
• Low number of erythrocytes means that there are less haemoglobin to combine with oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin.
• This means that less oxygen is transported to body tissues for cellular respiration.
• As a result, less energy is produced.
• The individual becomes easily exhausted and looks pale.
• He/She may have anaemia.
• He/She must consume a lot of ferum-rich foods such as spinach.
An individual has a low number of erythrocytes. Explain the effect of this situation on his/her health. Suggest the types of food that should be consumed by the individual to recover from this situation.
Answer:
• Low number of erythrocytes means that there are less haemoglobin to combine with oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin.
• This means that less oxygen is transported to body tissues for cellular respiration.
• As a result, less energy is produced.
• The individual becomes easily exhausted and looks pale.
• He/She may have anaemia.
• He/She must consume a lot of ferum-rich foods such as spinach.
Question 3:
The human heart has a pacemaker. The heart pacemaker that is damaged can be replaced by an electronic pacemaker. Explain how the electronic pacemaker functions.
Answer:
• The electronic pacemaker functions as a sinoatrial node that triggers the impulse to control and maintain heartbeat.
• The generated electric impulse spreads to both atria and subsequently reaches the atrioventricular node
• Next, the atrioventricular node transmits the rhythmic electric impulse throughout the ventricle and causing the heart to beat and pump blood.
The human heart has a pacemaker. The heart pacemaker that is damaged can be replaced by an electronic pacemaker. Explain how the electronic pacemaker functions.
Answer:
• The electronic pacemaker functions as a sinoatrial node that triggers the impulse to control and maintain heartbeat.
• The generated electric impulse spreads to both atria and subsequently reaches the atrioventricular node
• Next, the atrioventricular node transmits the rhythmic electric impulse throughout the ventricle and causing the heart to beat and pump blood.
Question 4:
Name one example of nutrient found in blood and how the nutrient can be transported to cells.
Answer:
• One example of nutrient is glucose.
• The heart pumps blood from the artery to blood capillaries.
• The arterial diameter is larger than the capillaries.
• This produces a high hydrostatic pressure that forces glucose to diffuse from the blood capillaries into the interstitial spaces to form tissue fluid.
• The glucose concentration in the fluid is higher than that of the cells.
• Glucose diffuses into the cells via facilitated diffusion.
Name one example of nutrient found in blood and how the nutrient can be transported to cells.
Answer:
• One example of nutrient is glucose.
• The heart pumps blood from the artery to blood capillaries.
• The arterial diameter is larger than the capillaries.
• This produces a high hydrostatic pressure that forces glucose to diffuse from the blood capillaries into the interstitial spaces to form tissue fluid.
• The glucose concentration in the fluid is higher than that of the cells.
• Glucose diffuses into the cells via facilitated diffusion.